I consider myself to be a normal person who eats everything available in supermarkets and/or restaurants with just a special care in selecting what I believe to be a healthy food, possibly from a well reputed (in terms of quality and social/environment impact) producer. I am not such a big fun of sugary products such as soft drinks, cookies and cakes and I have always considered Fast Foods as synonymous of bad quality and unhealthy option and as such to be avoided.
My diet was based on cereals (bread, pasta), proteins sources (cheese, beef, pork, chicken and fish) and some portions of fruits and vegetables that are very good for health. I was as teenager a supporter of the red meat: tasty, juicy and on top of all, very healthy with that great content of noble proteins.
During my studies in chemistry and environmental engineering, I learnt how our body works and what it needs to do it well and how the food we consume impacts the environment. Recently I watched a reportage about people who affirmed to have cured cancer by changing their lifestyle and implementing a vegetarian diet.
The food pyramid sees daily portions of cereals and vegetables while weekly/monthly portions of animal products.
I was curious to delve into the subject and I started reading scientific publications, expert advices and watching further related documentaries. The majority of them suggested to reduce as much as possible the consumption of red meat and processed food in general to have a hopefully better and healthier life or at list to lower the risks of developing diet related illnesses.
I shouldn’t be so surprised after all, the old and famous Mediterranean Diet recommends to eat red meat and processed food only occasionally (a kind of once a month) and not everyday as we are used to do it today. As the statistics reveal, today we eat double the quantity of red meat that our fathers used to eat in the ’50s for instance.
Under an healthy point of view, the discussions over meat consumption and its relation with even serious illness has been widely debated in the past decades. There are experts saying that it is safe and we shall eat more of it and there are other scientist stating exactly the contrary. Objectively the meat that we have available today is totally different from the one that our ancestors could have eaten copiously. In fact the modern meat derives from animals that were born and raised in factories, fed with a mixture of things that should be, hopefully, grain-based and then pumped full of antibiotics and hormones to make them grow faster. Once the animal is slaughtered, the meat is added with some preservatives and other chemicals to maintain the meat tender, juicy and red.
The results of the American Medical Assn. studies.
This combination of substances, united to the metabolites created by the red meat itself, are considered as potential precursors of cancer cells and other diseases development. For this reason some Medical associations started compiling reports regarding the benefit linked to the reduction of red meat consumption as depicted in the figure above.
Feed required to produce 1 pound of product – National Geographic June 2014
Moreover, it is well known that the ecological footprint of the red meat is much higher than the other animal protein sources available on the market. The difference is even wider if we compare the livestocks requirements against the vegetables ones. As a matter of fact, a cattle needs to drink a lot of water and to eat a lot of grain and forage to grow. The rapport is almost 7 pounds of feed and some 50 gallons of water necessary to produce 1 pound of body mass as revealed by a study reported on the National Geographic magazine of June 2014. Therefore when we consume 1 pound of red meat, actually we eat 7 pounds of vegetables, drink few hundreds litres of water and wasted a lot of energy in transporting it, with the consequent impact on our ecosystem.
Apparently, among the animal protein sources, fish is the one that seems to have the less feeding requirements followed by chickens and pigs. If we analyse the various protein options available in relation to the greenhouse gas emission, we notice that there are options much more eco-friendly than the red meat and that the worst option is lamb that has a dramatic carbon footprint.
Protein Source Environmental Impact by ewg.com
In the graph here on the left, we have a study where greenhouse footprint deriving from the production and consumption of 4 Oz ( around 113 g) of a certain food is expressed in equivalent Car Miles Driven to allow us to better understand the real extent of their impacts. So, while a portion of organic milk, beans and other vegetables/leguminous have an equivalent impact of half driven mile, 4 oz of pork meat in average produce a quantity of greenhouse gas equivalent to the ones you produce when driving your car for 3 miles. If you fancy a beef steak, you should keep in mind that 4 Oz of red meat cause the production of greenhouse gas equivalent to almost 7 miles driven and the same quantity of lamb produce almost 11.
Again, fish and pork seem to be a better choice than beef and lamb.
I am definitely not a scientist or an expert in livestock management. But I am an Environmental Engineer with a Chemistry profile and I can easily understand some implications deriving from the consumption of red meat as I tried to explain in the paragraphs above.
It is indisputable that an excessive consumption of red meat can cause serious healthy problems like increased probability of colon cancer, heart diseases, hormonal disequilibrium, kidney overload and many others. Moreover it is easy to understand that if we choose to avoid eating that 1 pound of beef meat we actually free 7 pounds of grain or other vegetable products and 50 gallons of water that could feed and satisfy much more people lowering the overall environmental impact.
I would recommend you to watch the short video that Graham Hill posted on TED.com where he proposes a shocking alternative that is in the middle between being vegetarian and carnivore: the weekday vegetarian diet. His idea consist in being vegetarian from Monday to Friday and than be free to add some fish, chicken and occasionally beef on the weekends.
It is a good compromise because you will feel healthier, the environment will be grateful and you will have saved some money.The short video is very effective and I warmly invite you to watch it.
I purposely left the argument cruelty against the animals aside because I preferred to bring up just objective facts. However please feel free to add comments and your point of view to enrich this discussion.
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